Heater/ac Fan Change on a 1995 Buick Roadmaster

Premium division of General Motors

Buick

Type	Division
Industry	Automotive
Supported	1899 (1899) (as Buick Automobile-Vim and World power Company) May 19, 1903; 118 long time ago  (1903-05-19) [1] (every bit Buick Motorial Fellowship)
Founder	David Dunbar Buick
Headquarters	Detroit, Michigan , United States
Area served	Red China (except Hong Kong and Macao) and North America
Key people	Walter Marr Eugene Richard Benjamin Briscoe Jonathan Maxwell James H. Merluccius bilinearis William C. Will Durant Walter Chrysler (1911-1919) Charles W. Nash Ravage Bassett Edward Well-set Harlow Curtice Harley Earl
Products	Automobiles
Services	Fomite financing Vehicle service and parts
Parent	General Motors
Web site	buick.com

Buick () is a division of the Terra firma automobile maker General Motors (G). Started by self-propelled pioneer David Dunbar Buick, it was among the first American marques of automobiles, and was the company that established Ecumenical Motors in 1908.^[2] Before the establishment of Unspecialised Motors, GM fall in William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor.

For much of its creation in the North American market, Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile mar, selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM's mainstream brands, while under the flagship luxury Cadillac division. Buick's current target demographic according to The Detroit News is "a successful executive with family."^[3]

Later on securing its market position in the late 1930s, when junior companion brand Marquette and Cadillac junior brand LaSalle were off, Buick was recognised as an upscale luxury car with a conservative appearance, as opposed to to a greater extent ostentatious Cadillac and technology-productive, impertinent-thinking Oldsmobile. During this same clip period, many manufacturers were introducing V8 engines in their high-oddment models, while Buick used a straight-8 for altogether models starting in 1931. The firstborn Buick V8 was introduced in 1953, then in 1962, the Buick V6 was introduced for the fat Primary model. Buick engines, with few exceptions, have forever in use overhead valves which the keep company pioneered in the 1904 Buick Model B.

In 2022, Buick sold more than 1.4 billion vehicles worldwide, a record for the brand.^[4] The main market is now Nationalist China, where 80% of Buick-branded automobiles are sold.^[5] Buicks are also oversubscribed in the United States, Canada, and United Mexican States.

History [edit]

Embryotic years [edit]

Valve-In-Head (OHV) engine, instance from 1904 patent, Buick Manufacturing Company

Buick is one of the oldest automobile brands in the world and currently the oldest in the United States. (Autocar, based in 1897, is the oldest motor vehicle manufacturer in the New World; piece originally an auto maker, Autocar now builds important trucks. Oldsmobile, also an early auto maker founded in 1897, is now defunct; Studebaker was founded in 1852, but did not begin producing automobiles until 1902; Mr. Ford produced his world-class car in 1896 but did not take up the Ford Motor Carbon monoxide gas. until 1903, and during the period in between was involved with other automobile manufacturers such as Cadillac, founded in 1902).

The first logo of Buick (1904), with an fancy of the Uncle Surface-to-air missile and the caption "notable all over the world"

The primary two Buick automobiles were successful in 1899 and 1900 at the "Buick Motorcar-Vim and World power Company" by chief-engineer Walter Marr,^[2] merely company owner David Dunbar Buick was reluctant to begin qualification automobiles, being satisfied with unmoving and marine engine production, so Marr larboard Buick in 1901 to found his own automobile company under his own cite. His replacing was Eugene Richard, who applied for a patent in 1902 for Marr's valve-in-header (overhead valve) engine, which unmistakable, issue 771,095, was awarded to Richard in the name of Buick in 1904.^[2] In 1903, the fractional Buick automobile was made, this prison term by Richard, but in 1904 Buick, whose caller was now called "Buick Efferent Company", moved from Detroit to Flint, Michigan, and Richard stayed behind. Marr was rehired in Flint as chief engineer, to begin qualification automobiles in production. That year, 37 Buick automobiles were made, production increasing to 750 in 1905, 1,400 in 1906, 4,641 in 1907, and 8,800 in 1908, taking the number 1 spot away from close competitors Oldsmobile, Ford, and Maxwell.^[2]

Jacques Louis David Buick unified his company as the Buick Drive Company on May 19, 1903, in Detroit, Great Lakes State. Buick had been supported by friend and fellow automobile enthusiast, Benjamin Briscoe, WHO in September 1903 sold control of the business to James H. Whiting (1842–1919),^[6] of Flint Wagon Works, in Flint, MI. Silver hake sick Buick to Flint, to a location crossways Wall Street from his factory, with the idea of adding Buick's engines to his wagons.^[2] Jacques Louis David Buick stayed on as a manager and re-chartered Walter Marr as chief engineer. The engine Buick and Marr matured for this automobile was a two-piston chamber valve-in-head engine of 159 boxlike inches, with each cylinder horizontal and opposed to the other away 180 degrees.

Whiting built only few automobiles in 1904, the Manikin B, before running out of in operation capital, causing him to earn William C. Will Durant that class as controlling investor. Durant built a couple of more model B's in 1904, and greatly stepped upwards production for the model C in 1905, and gone the next cardinal years turning Buick into the biggest-selling automobile brand in the US. During the 19th century, Durant had successful his circumstances as atomic number 27-proprietor, too in Flint, with Josiah Dallas Dort, of the Durant-Dort Carriage Caller, which aside 1904 was the largest carriage-making company in the country and one of the largest in the earthly concern.^[2] Durant moved all but Buick production to the former Durant-Dort Imperial Wheel flora in Helen Maria Fiske Hunt Jackson, Wolverine State in 1905. Buick continuing car production in Jackson through 1907, when Factory #1 was completed in Flint. The Jackson works continued production with Buick trucks finished 1912.^[7] David Buick sold-out his commonplace upon departure in 1906, making him a wealthy man, simply he died in modest circumstances 25 years afterwards. In 1907, Durant agreed to supply motors to R. S. McLaughlin in Canada, an auto maker, and in 1908 he founded Superior general Motors.^[8]

Buick in the early years 1904 Buick Manakin B 1905 Buick Model C 1910 Buick Poser 10 Runabout 1914 Buick Half dozen Model B-35 phaeton 1917 Buick D-35 roadster 1918 Buick E-45 1922 Buick Model 22-54 Sport roadster 1925 Buick Master Six Series 25 touring 1925 Buick Master Six 1929 Buick Serial 46 Business Coupe 1930 Buick Series 46 Business Coupe 1932 Buick Serial 60 Model 67 sedan 1935 Buick Series 40 Model 46C convertible coupe 1938 Buick Series 80 touring sedan 1939 Buick Series 40 Model 41 traveling sedan chair 1941 Buick Serial 90 Touring Sedan Model 90

Between 1899 and 1902, two prototype vehicles were built^[9] in Detroit, Great Lakes State aside Walter Lorenzo Marr. Some documentation exists of the 1901 or 1902 prototype with tiller steerage^[10] correspondent to the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. In mid-1904, another prototype was constructed for an endurance run, which convinced Merluccius bilinearis to authorize product of the first models offered to the public.^[11] The architecture of this paradigm was the basis for the Model B.

The first Buick made for cut-rate sale, the 1904 horizontally opposed 2-cylinder engine Model B, was shapely in Flint, Michigan at a rhenium-purposed factory that was known as the Flint Wagon Works.^[12] There were 37 Buicks made that year, none of which make it. There are, even so, two replicas in creation: the 1904 endurance car, at the Buick Drift & Search Center in Flint, and a Model B assembled by an enthusiast in California for the division's 100th anniversary.^{[13] [14]} Both of these vehicles use various parts from Buicks of that early era, as well as fabricated parts. These vehicles were each constructed with the ii known surviving 1904 engines.

The azoic success of Buick is attributed mainly to what it called the valve-in-head locomotive, now called the operating cost valve (OHV), locomotive engine^[15] proprietary by Eugene Richard and improved by Richard, Buick, and Marr. The Model F had a two-piston chamber engine, an 87-edge in wheelbase and weighed 1,800 lbs.^[16] The creation of General Motors is attributed in part to the success of Buick,^[17] so it can be said Marr and Richard's designs forthwith LED to Gram.^[18] The power geartrain and frame computer architecture introduced on the Model B was continued through the 1909 Example F.^[19]

The basic design of the 1904 Buick was optimally engineered even by today's standards. The flat-similitude engine is inherently proportionate, with torque presented to the chassis in a longitudinal manner, actually cancelling forepart face lift, rather than producing undesirable lateral motion. The railway locomotive was mounted amidships, now considered the optimal localization.^[20]

Billy Durant was a lifelike plugger, and Buick presently became the largest car maker in America. Exploitation the profits from this, Durant embarked on a series of corporate acquisitions, vocation the newborn megacorporation General Motors. At first, the manufacturers comprising General Motors competed against apiece strange, just Durant ended that. Atomic number 2 wanted each General Motors division to butt one class of buyer, and in his new scheme, Buick was near the acme—merely the Cadillac mark had more prestige, a ranking that Buick occupies presently in the General Motors lineup. To save on resources, Buick vehicles shared a common platform, called the GM A platform, that was shared with Chevrolet, Oakland, Oldsmobile and Cadillac. The ideal Buick customer is comfortably well off, maybe non quite rich enough to open a Cadillac, nor desiring the splashiness of one, only definitely in the market for a car supra the norm.

At first, Buick followed the likes of Napier in machine racing, winning the first-e'er race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.^[21]

The outset lifesize Buick to junction the smaller Sit B was in 1907, when the Buick Model D was introduced with a foursome-cylinder 255.0 cu in (4,178 cc) T-fountainhead railway locomotive, installed in the front with rear-wheel drive off. This was combined of the only cars with broadside valves that Buick ever successful.^[22]

1910s - 1920s [blue-pencil]

In 1910, Buick introduced the Model 10 with an OHV tetrad-cylinder engine^[23] followed in 1911, with their first closed-body car, the Buick Six,^[24] that followed the same bodystyle that initiative appeared at Cadillac, and four years onward of President For. The car was built at the wholly-new factory in Flint which later became titled Buick City.^[25] Buick during the 1920s successful various sized vehicles, with series designations for different long time, sometimes victimization numbers game, patc later years using lettered designations. One of the large vehicles, with straight-half a dozen, was the Buick Master Six.

In the 1910s and 1920s, Buick was a prestige sword in the Republic of Taiwan with the blade motivated aside or for high-stage politicians and the Emperor moth. Buick immediately sells 80% of its output in the People's Republic of Red China and is a small-scale player in Taiwan.^[26]

In 1929, as part of General Motors' companion make program, Buick Motorial Division launched the Marquette baby brand, designed to bridge the monetary value break betwixt Buick and Oldsmobile; however, Marquette was discontinued in 1930. All Buick, Jacques Marquette, Viking, and Oldsmobile products shared the newly introduced GM B platform starting in 1926.

1930s [cut]

Buick debuted deuce stellar achievements for the 1931 worthy year, the OHV Buick Straight-8 engine and a synchromesh transmission system all told models but the Series 50. The Eight was offered in three displacements, the 220 solid inch (bore 2 7/8 in. throw 4.25 in.), was gettable in the Series 50 with 77 pasture brake HP. The Series 60 engine was a 272 Cu. in. unit (bore 3 1/16 in., stroke 5 in.) giving 90 bracken HP. Cadillac had previously introduced the Cadillac Type 51 with a flathead V8 railway locomotive in 1915 which made usage of an eight-cylinder engine a sumptuousness lineament.

The Series 80 and Serial publication 90 used a 344 atomic number 29. in. version (bore 3 5/16 in., separatri 5 in.) for 104 pasture brake HP. Automatic hoover-operated spark approach was another parvenue feature replacing the steering column-mounted spark prise although an emergency prize was now frighten off mounted. Buick scored another first-class honours degree in 1939 when it became the first company to introduce turn signals, which did not appear on else car brands until almost a decade later.^[27] All 1939 models likewise had a steering column-mounted transformation pry.

In the mid 1930s McLaughlin-Buicks were in particular popular with British monarch Edward VIII.^{[28] [29]} He foreign and put-upon a Canadian built McLaughlin-Buick. It was GM's top post in Canada.^[30] Being Canada's almost luxurious brand, Buicks are always given for head of state transport inside Canada, including for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth I during the 1939 royal turn of Canada.^{[30] [ dead link ]}

In the 1920s and 1930s Cadillac and Buick vehicles were fashionable with telephone call passenger service operators e.g. the Nairn Transport Company in the midst East (Baghdad-Damascus).

Buick engines [edit]

1904–1911. Ii cylinders horizontally opposed at 180 degrees, OHV, 159 cu. in.

1907–1924. Four cylinders, eligible, OHV, 165 to 392.6 cu. in. It was attendant the Chevrolet Inline-4 engine

1914–1930. Buick Continuous-6 locomotive, eligible, OHV, 191 to 331 atomic number 29. in.

1931–1953. Buick Even-8 engine, in line, OHV, 221 to 345 cu. in.^[31]

1953-1981 Buick V8 engine

1961-2008 Buick V6 engine

Post Worldly concern War II age [edit]

1940s–1950s 1947 Buick Super 1948 Buick Roadmaster Sedanet 1949 Buick Roadmaster 1950 Buick Super Riviera 1953 Buick Roadmaster Skylark 1953 Buick Roadmaster Estate 1955 Buick Special 1956 Buick Century Riviera 1957 Buick Super Riviera 1958 Buick Special Riviera 1959 Buick Electra

1940s [blue-pencil]

1910 Buick Bug race car and 1944 M18 Buick Hellcat storage tank uprooter

1940 saw the first usage of the "Estate" designation for Buick on the First-rate station wagon. Due to Cosmos War II, automobile yield stopped-up in 1942. Starting that year, Buick produced the M18 Hellcat tank ruiner and supplied radial engines for the B-24 Liberator, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, and Douglas C-54 Skymaster. Past the fall of 1945, automobile production resumed. In 1948, the Dynaflow automatic transmission was first offered by Buick. 1949 adage the debut of Buick's VentiPorts.

1950s [blue-pencil]

1953 marked Buick's 50th anniversary as well as the introductions of the Buick V8 engine and the Roadmaster Skylark. In 1955, Buick had its best model year gross sales to date with 738,814 vehicles sold; a show that would hold until 1977. In 1957, Buick's new 364 cu. in. block and ball joint front suspension debuted and Roadmasters now had aluminum finned bracken drums. 1959 saw the first appearance of three new models: Electra, Invicta and LeSabre American Samoa well as a early 401 cu. in. V8 engine in the Electra and Invicta. An Electra likewise paced the Indianapolis 500 race that twelvemonth.

1960s–1970s 1962 Buick Special DeLuxe 1963 Buick Wildcat 1963 Buick Riviera 1965 Buick LeSabre 1966 Buick Riviera GS 1968 Buick Skylark 1970 Buick GSX 1971 Buick Estate 1972 Buick Riviera 1973 Buick Century GS 1975 Buick Skyhawk 1977 Buick Electra Park Avenue 1979 Buick Regal

1960s [edit]

An Electra 225 paced the Daytona 500 airstream in both 1960 and 1963. In 1961, a new Fireball V6 engine was introduced and the Lark nameplate returned as the acme model of the new Special compact car assembly line. The Buick Special was named Motor Trend Car of the Year in 1962. Also in 1962, Wildcat well was introduced as a trim level on Invicta and became its own framework the following class. In 1963 the Riviera was introduced as its own model. In the mid-1960s Buick started officially selling German-stacked Wilhelm von Opel cars through its North American dealerships. For 1967, radial tires became acquirable American Samoa an pick along entirely full-size up Buicks.^[32]

1970s [edit]

The 1970s saw a number of new models added to the Buick lineup including the Demesne Wagon as its ain model in 1970, Centurion in 1971, Apollo in 1973, and Skyhawk in 1975. 1975 also saw the opening appearance of the "Park Avenue" nameplate for Buick as a trim/option package on the Electra 225 Limited. A Buick Century paced the Indianapolis 500 race not once but twice in the mid-1970s. For 1976, Buick began selling rebadged Isuzu Geminis as Opels to replace the Opel Kadett models it had previously marketed. The following year, Electra 225 and LeSabre were redesigned and downsized and the Buick brand saw its best model year sales to date with 773,313 vehicles sold. 1978 marked Buick's 75th anniversary and welcomed a redesigned Century American Samoa well as a redesigned Regal coupe which was now available with a turbocharged V6 engine. Buick model year sales broke some other record in 1978 with 795,316 vehicles sold. For 1979, the Riviera was redesigned; Riviera S-Type was named Motor Slue Car of the Year.

1980s–1990s 1980 Buick Skylark 1982 Buick LeSabre Limited 1984 Buick Riviera 1985 Buick Electra Park Boulevard 1986 Buick Somerset 1987 Buick Noble Grand National 1987 Buick Skyhawk Customized 1988 Buick Reatta 1992 Buick Roadmaster Limited 1994 Buick One C Landed estate 1996 Buick Skylark 1997 Buick Green Avenue 1999 Buick Riviera

1980s [edit]

In the 1980s, Buick's lineup saw several changes including the curtailment of varied models. In 1980, Lloyd Reuss was appointed Eastern Samoa broad director and further pushed Buick into turbocharging, racing, and operation production cars, building momentum which continued a number of years after his difference in 1984 as he headed toward a brief term equally GM president. Also in 1980, the Diesel locomotive engine becomes uncommitted on select Buick models and Somerset is introduced as a thin/option package on the Regal Limited. In 1981, the T-Type performance trim is introduced along the Riviera. Regal was the official pace car of the Indianapolis 500 race in 1981. In 1982, the Grand National high-performance package is first offered on Regal. A soft-top Riviera helped lead the payof of the convertible security, which had disappeared from domestic lineups in 1976. The following yr, a Riviera convertible with a twin-turbo V6 paced Indy 500. Also in 1983, Buick had its best model year to date with 810,435 vehicles sold.

In 1984, Buick was the official car of the XXIII Olympics. A reorganization split manufacturing & engineering from sales and marketing. The first pilot Buick is produced at "Buick City", a progressive assembly center improved in spite of appearanc the walls of Buick's home plant at Flint. Buick had its best model year sales to date with 906,626 vehicles sold asset Buick comprehensive gross revenue topped one million for the first time. To chummy out 1984, Lloyd Reuss terminated his tenure As unspecialised manager of the Buick Motive Partitioning.

In 1985, the Somerset was introduced as its own model. Also, the Electra coupe and sedan were redesigned and converted to front man-wheel drive and were initially powered by a carbureted 3.0 liter Buick V6 engine, a fuel-injected 3.8 liter Buick V6 engine, or a 4.3 litre Oldsmobile diesel V6 engine. Each was mated to a 4-speed automatic transmission with a 0.70:1 overdrive gearing. The 3.0 liter V6 and 4.3-cubic decimetre diesel V6 were no yearner offered afterwards 1985. During the 1985 to 1989 sit years, the Electra name likewise continuing to be utilized on the rear-wheel around-drive B-organic structure "Estate" station Wain. Buick-powered cars North Korean won pole and second position in qualifying for Indianapolis 500. Over the next some eld, Buick engines would set a number of stock-block records and twice would power a third or more of the 33-motorcar Indy 500 subject area (11 in 1990 and 12 in 1992). 1985 would be the final year for the rear-driveway LeSabre before other downsizing and conversion to front-roulette wheel-push for 1986 (sedans and coupes only; the rear-drive off LeSabre Estate Wagon would soldier on mostly unchanged a few Sir Thomas More years). The top-line LeSabre Limited became the LeSabre Limited Collectors Edition to Deutsche Mark the end of an era for the rear-wheel-drive coupe and sedan; railway locomotive offerings included the standard 231 V6 (sedans and coupes) or optional Olds 307 V8 or Oldsmobile 350 diesel V8. 1985 saw Buick's best model year sales to date with 915,336 vehicles sold.

In 1986, the LeSabre was introduced on the new front wheel drive H program, after departing from rear bike drive on the GM B platform. Joining the LeSabre on the H-body enclosed the Oldsmobile Delta 88. One of the most striking features of the new LeSabre was the hood was hinged towards the front instead of towards the hindermost approximate the cowl and windshield in the same fashion as that of the Buick Electra and Chevrolet Corvette of that era. The all-new styling and execution of front-wheel drive ushered in a new ERA for the LeSabre, being of a flush aerodynamic purpose. Most revolutionary English hawthorn have been the removal of Buick's traditional Ventiports from the front fenders. In 1986, a LeSabre Grand National model was reinforced to qualify the coupe body mode for NASCAR competition. The LeSabre Grand National is among the rarest of all Buicks ever made, with production numbers of less than 120 units. IT was only available in clothed with gray interior.^[33]

Also for 1986, the E-torso Riviera was converted to unibody construction and far downsized to a 108 in (2,700 mm) wheelbase similar in length to that of the Buick Regal. The V6 was now the merely engine, rated initially at 142 horsepower (106 kilowatt) SAE and 200 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) of torque. It used the Turbo-Hydramatic 440-T4 automatic with a 2.84:1 final drive ratio. This genesis was noted for advanced electronic instrumentation displayed on a dash-mounted 9-inch (230 millimetre) CRT. The CRT limited the fomite's climate control condition organization and stereo, and also supplied advanced instrumentation such as a trip electronic computer and upkeep admonisher characteristic. Cardinal-wheel disk brakes were basic. With a quality of three suspension packages available, awake to the performance-homeward-bound FE3 background, manipulation was notably improved. The Riviera placed fourth for Motor Trend 's 1986 Railroad car of the Year contest. Fuel saving was notably landscaped for the 1986 Riviera, but the investment in the downsized, transverse engine front-bike drive platform resulted in a substantial damage increase to $19,831 for the foot model to $21,577 for the recent T-Type. Retrenchment also resulted in a dimensional similarity to littler, fewer expensive offerings from GM. The smaller dimensions, taxonomic category styling, and lack of a V8 LED to Riviera gross sales plummeting to 22,138 for 1986.

In 1987, the last of the turbo/intercooled Regal Sumptuous Nationals, much titled the quickest American cars, were offered too as 547 even faster special-edition '87 GNXs. It would as wel be the last year for the rear-wheel-drive Noble. General manager Ed Mertz promoted the original "Premium American Motorcars" theme which focused Buick selling on the various qualities that made the marque famous.

In 1988, Buick was the official car of the U.S. Olympic Team up. The Reatta two-seater was introduced, to comprise followed two years later by a convertible. Also in 1988, Regal was downsized and converted to front-wheel drive. Bobby Allison North Korean won the Daytona 500 in a Regal that year and the Academy Award-winning film Rainwater Man prominently featured a 1949 Roadmaster convertible. 1988 also sawing machine the debut of the slogan "The Great American Moving Belongs to Buick".

In 1989, a new Electra trim level was offered named the Park Avenue Immoderate. The Immoderate was essentially an upgrade to the Electra Park Avenue and featured a standard leather-trimmed interior with dual 20-way power front seating area (shared with Cadillac's restyled 1989 Fleetwood Sixty Special), lower-body accent exterior blusher handling, distinctive thick-cushioned vinyl top with limousine-style tail-window surround (available only on Ultra), simulated burled elm trim connected the doors and control panel, specific aluminum wheels, anti-lock brakes, chromed B-pillar moldings, specific grille and tail lamps, leather-engrossed wheel, electronic orchestration, padded glove-compartment door, unique interior door panel trim, and a variety of otherwise minor changes. With its long list of standard equipment, the Park Avenue Ultra carried a higher base Mary Leontyne Pric than Cadillac's Sedan de Ville. The Riviera was also restyled for 1989, adding 11 inches to its overall length. In the late 1980s, the Flint-built LeSabre ranked #1 in North America and #2 in the worldly concern in a major independent quality examine which eventually led Buick to change its ad slogan from "The Large American Road Belongs to Buick" to "Buick: The Inexperient Symbolic representation for Quality in U.S.."

1990s [cut]

In 1990, the first Reatta convertible was produced. 1990 was also the last yr for the Electra as Park Avenue, previously a tailored level on the Electra, became its ain framework for the 1991 posture year. In 1991, Buick led the industry in improvement in sales and market share. A new four-door Regal came to securities industry for 1991, the first Royal sedan chair since 1984. Buick likewise introduced a emotional 3.8-liter V6 in the Park Boulevard Ultra. Supercharging became so popular at Buick that away the new millennium, Buick was the ahead marketer and industriousness leader of supercharged cars. 1991 saw the homecoming of the Roadmaster after a 33-year absence. The Roadmaster was primary offered as a Charles's Wain only and then a sedan was added for 1992.

For 1992, the popular LeSabre was redesigned along the same lines as the previous twelvemonth's Park Avenue. 1992 also byword the debut of a new, redesigned Skylark. In 1993, a special edition LeSabre was sold to immortalise Buick's 90th anniversary. In addition to Custom trim horizontal surface standard equipment, this model enclosed "90th Anniversary" badging, cassette player, cruise control, rear windowpane defogger, power driver's arse, carpeted trading floor mats, exterior pinstripes, and choice of cable Beaver State atomic number 13 rack covers.

In 1995, after a foramen in 1994, the Riviera returned with base styling that asleep from the previous generations' much traditional image. A 205 hp (153 kW) naturally aspirated 3800 V6 was measure, with a supercharged adaptation rated at 225 hp (168 kW) and 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) available as an option. Rivieras were right away built in Lake Hunte, Michigan, riding the same Cadillac-derived G platform as the 4-door Oldsmobile Aurora.

In 1996, both the Roadmaster sedan and waggon were out of print. In 1998, after 95 long time in Flint, Buick headquarters was moved to Detroit. Bob Coletta, Buick imprecise manager, adage the first Chinese Buick wrap up inactive business line at Shanghai before he turned complete top Buick lin to Roger Adams. Buick Heading and Research Center on opened at Flint's Sloan Museum. A reorganization at the air division separate sales from marketing.

In 1999, the last of nearly 16 million Buicks was stacked in Flint's Buick Metropolis. The endmost car, a 1999 LeSabre, rolled unsatisfactory the assembly stemma on June 29 that year. In a major independent quality study, Buick graded #2 (and top domestic) among 37 worldwide brands and Buick City shared top world position among automotive assembly plants. With gross revenue of all coupes declining in the North American food market, GM definite to discontinue the Riviera. 1999 was the car's last model year with production ceasing on November 25, 1998. The final 200 cars had special silver medal paint and trim, and were denoted "Silver Pointer"^[34] models, a designation which hearkened back to various Silver Arrow show cars that had been built off Riviera bodies by Banker's bill Maria Mitchell. The eighth-generation Rivieras received the most powerful V6 Buick engine since the Grand Nationals of the 1980s. The supercharged OHV V6 gave impressive torque and acceleration, pushing the car from 0 to 60 miles per hour (97 kilometres per hour) in under 7 seconds, and turning the 1⁄4 mile in 15.5 seconds and achieved MPG fire efficiency ratings of 18 city/27 highway.

Recent years [redact]

2000s–2010s 2000 Buick LeSabre 2002 Buick Tryst 2004 Buick Rainier CXL 2005 Buick Terraza 2006 Buick Lucerne Cardinal 2008 Buick Enclave CXL 2009 Buick LaCrosse Topnotch 2011 Buick Regal GS 2012 Buick Verano 2013 Buick Encore 2016 Buick Cascada Premium 2016 Buick Envision Premium 2017 Buick Velite 5

2000s [edit]

In the 2000s, Buick's lineup was modified with the compact and carrying into action segments being abandoned in favou the crossover/SUV market which was growing in popularity. In 2000, Buick headed into the red-hot millennium with a redesigned LeSabre (best-marketing U.S. full-size car for eight honest old age) and a more powerful Century. Since the first Detroit inquiry car of 1899–1900 and the first Flint River production machine of 1904, more than 35 meg Buicks had been built. The 2000 LeSabre was introduced in March 1999 and was now built on GM's G platform; still GM chose to retain to refer to that as the H platform.^[35] The LeSabre was manufactured at GM's Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly factory in Hamtramck, Michigan and Lake Orion Assembly, in Lake Orion, Michigan. Some of the changes with the redesign included a new grille that did not open with the hood and slightly smaller out-of-door dimensions. Despite its somewhat smaller exterior size, it still offered similar interior room and more trunk space than the previous model. 2001 saw Buick's first incoming into the crossover market with the introduction of the Tryst as a 2002 model. In 2003, the Buick Centieme crossover concept car commemorated Buick Motor Division's 100th anniversary. Approximately of the Centieme's out design and interior features would later appear connected the 2008 Enclave crossover. In 2004, Buick added the Rainier middle-sizing SU and the new Terraza minivan was added a yr later.

In the years following, Buick began consolidating its North American lineup and away 2008 had reduced it to just three models: the LaCrosse/Allure, the Lucerne, and the new-for-2008 Enclave. The Super name had too returned subsequently a 50-year petit mal epilepsy equally a new performance trim equal on LaCrosse and Lucerne. The steel's total overall sales slipped in the United States, and, with a report for primarily appealing to experienced buyers, rumors circulated passim this decade that the Buick marque would make up discontinued.^[36] The profitability of the posture lineup and popularity in China ensured Buick's time to come within General Motors, with the decision being made to discontinue the Pontiac mark instead.^[37]

Since 2005, GM had bit by bit consolidated Buick with GMC and former Pontiac dealerships to create the current Buick-GMC network. During General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization and egression in 2009, the company designated Buick as a "core brand", citing the partitioning's success in Red China.^[38] Behind the scenes, GM began to move products originally planned for other brands to Buick. The Opel Insignia was originally attached to become the second-generation Saturn Aura, but instead became the new Buick Regal.^{[39] [40]} In the 2009 J.D. Power and Associates Vehicle Dependableness Study, Buick tied with Panther as the most dependable brand in the United States.^[41]

2010s [edit]

The 2010s saw the return of a standard Buick nameplate (Purple) every bit well as the addition of several novel ones. The decade also saw the brand's first hatchback since 1987, first factory convertible since 1991, and first station wagon since 1996. Buick foster expanded its presence in the popular crossover/SUV market in the 2010s Eastern Samoa well.

In Jan 2009, Buick disclosed the new 2010 LaCrosse sedan, an all-new styling direction that included traditional Buick cues. The market responded positively to the LaCrosse and reviews favourably compared it luxury models much as the Lexus ES.^[42] In 2010, Buick became the fastest-ontogenesis automotive brand in The States and attracted a younger customer demographic.^[43] A GM company spokesman at the fourth dimension said that Buick was positioned atomic number 3 a "premium" marque (entry-level sumptuousness) to compete with individual Acura, Infiniti, Lexus, and Volvo models, while Cadillac was aimed at the "luxury" performance section which includes brands like BMW and Mercedes-Benz.^[44] An all-new Royal sedan, a smaller model based on the European Wilhelm von Opel Insignia, was re-introduced for the 2011 model year after a septenar-year absence. For 2012, the all-new Verano, which was a squeeze sedan settled on the Chevrolet Cruze, joined the lineup. Additionally, the execution-oriented Regal GS officially went happening sale and became the first Buick in almost 20 years to be offered with a manual transmission system and a turbocharger. Buick also entered the hybrid market with the introduction of eAssist technology on the 2012 LaCrosse and Regal which helped improve fuel economy ratings by atomic number 3 much as 38% over the regular petrol-engine versions. Meanwhile, sales of the Enclave crossover remained beardown. In January 2012, the all-new Encore mini crosswalk was disclosed at the North American International Auto Show in Motor City. As wel in 2012, a turbocharged version of the Verano was introduced and the Enclave was redesigned for the 2013 modelling twelvemonth. In 2013, GM confirmed plans of a "hybrid global brand" which includes Opel/Vauxhall and Buick using more synergies 'tween the brands.^{[45] [46]} LaCrosse and Regal were refreshed for the 2014 poser class. In 2022, the all-revolutionary Cascada subcompact convertible debuted at the North American International Auto Show in Motown. In November, the each-new 2022 LaCrosse was shown at the Los Angeles Auto Show. Buick also confirmed that the Envision compact crossing over would be sold in North America protrusive summer 2022. The Verano compact sedan was dropped from the Buick lineup in North America in 2022. With GM selling off the Opel/Vauxhall division to Group Prostate specific antigen in March 2022, Buick is expected to move away from sharing Opel model/designs upon the completion of the current multiplication vehicles.^[47]

For 2022, Buick replaced the Noble sedan with an all-new model offering hatchback and station wagon body styles. This new Royal was the first hatchback from Buick for the Northwestern American market since the 1987 Skyhawk and the first station wagon since the 1996 Roadmaster. A sub-brand name was also added in 2022 to accompany Buick, with the Avenir badge being applied to its top of the line level trims, utilizing the same strategy as GMC's successful Denali sub-brand.^[48] 2022 would make up the last year for the Cascada transmutable globally and the LaCrosse sedan chair for the North American market.

2020s [cut]

Radical for 2022 was the Encore GX crosswalk which slotted in between the existing Encore and Fancy. The Regal hatchback and station wagon were discontinued for the Union American market in 2022. For the 2022 manakin year, Buick's North American lineup consists of the Encore subcompact crossover, the Encore GX compact crossover, the Envision bundle crossover voter, and the Enclave mid-size crossover.

Production models [edit]

Current lineup Buick Excelle Buick Excelle GT Buick Excelle GX Buick Verano Buick Verano GS Buick Regal Buick LaCrosse Buick Encore Buick Encore GX Buick Project Buick Envision S Buick Enclave Buick GL6 Buick GL8 Buick Velite 6 Buick Velite 7

Current [edit]

Past [edit]

• Manakin B (1904)
• Simulate C (1905)
• Model F & G (1906–1910)
• Model 10 (1908–1910)
• Pose 14 &ere; 14B (1910–1911)
• Example 28, 29, 34, 36 & 43 (1912)
• Model 24, 25, 30, 31 & 40 (1913)
• Series B (1914)
• Serial C (1915)
• Series D (1916–1917)
• Series E (1918)
• Series H (1919)
• Serial K (1920)
• Series 21 (1921)
• Series 22 (1922)
• Series 23 (1923)
• Serial 24 (1924)
• Master Series (1925–1928)
• Standard Series (1925–1928)
• Series 116, 121 &A; 129 (1929)
• Series 40 (1930–1935)
• Series 50 (1930–1935)
• Series 60 (1930–1935)
• Special (1936–1958, 1961–1969)
• Roadmaster (1936–1958, 1991–1996)
• Century (1936–1942, 1954–1958, 1973–2005)
• Super (1939–1958)
• Frisk (1953–1954, 1961–1972, 1975–1998)
• Invicta (1959–1963)
• Electra (1959–1990)
• LeSabre (1959–2005)
• Wildcat (1963–1970)
• Riviera (1963–1993, 1995–1999)
• Estate (1970–1979, 1990)
• Centurion (1971–1973)
• Apollo (1973–1975)
• Skyhawk (1975–1980, 1982–1989)
• Opel (1976–1979)
• Somerset (1985–1987)
• Reatta (1988–1991)
• Park Ave. (1991–2005, 2007–2012)
• Sail (2001–2004)
• Rendezvous (2001–2007)
• Rainier (2004–2007)
• Royaum (2005–2006)
• Terraza (2005–2007)
• Lucerne (2006–2011)
• Excelle XT (2010–2015)
• Cascada (2016–2019)
• Velite 5 (2017–2019)

Concept cars [edit]

Concept cars 1938 Buick Y-Job construct 1951 Buick LeSabre concept 1951 Buick XP-300 concept 1954 Buick Wolf II construct 1956 Buick Centurion concept 1963 Buick Silver Arrow conception 1989 Buick Park Avenue Essence conception 1995 Buick XP2000 concept 2007 Buick Riviera construct 2013 Buick Riviera concept 2015 Buick Avenir concept 2016 Buick Avista concept

Buick has a long history of creating intriguing concept cars geological dating back to the Y-Business, the industriousness's first concept car, of 1938. Its most recent concepts, some electric automobile vehicles, are the Buick Enspire concept unveiled in April 2022 and the Buick Electra concept which was unveiled in September 2022.

Distinguishing features [cut]

Trishield [edit]

The Buick Trishield is rooted in the ancestral coat of arms of the carmaker's cave in, David Dunbar Buick. That peak was a ruby-red shield with a checkered silver and azure diagonal air from the upper left to lower right, a stag above, and a punctured cross below. The division adoptive this on its radiator grilles in 1937. In 1960, the logo underwent a John R. Major overhaul. Its single cuticle was replaced past a trio in red, white, and blue—denoting the LeSabre, Invicta, and Electra then in the Buick lineup. It was supplanted by the Buick Clear the throat in the 1970s, but the trishield reemerged in the 1980s, easy, but with its indistinguishable loyal colors. The Trishield with red, albumen, and blue features, was simplified in 2005, but the colors have returned representing the current ternion of vehicles in the Buick trade name for sedans and crossovers. Even so, the Trishield enjoys its even more distilled and emboldened tri-semblance form.

VentiPorts [edit]

A traditional Buick styling cue dating to 1949 is a series of three or four 'vents' connected the front end fenders behind the front wheels. The source of this project feature was a usage car of Buick hairdresser Ned Nickles, which in add-on had a flashing light within each hole, each synchronized with a proper actuate plug to simulate the flames from the fumes stack of a fighter aeroplane. Combined with the bombsight mascot (introduced in 1946), Nickle's custom-built Buick invoked an imaginary fighter airplane. The bright light feature was not used by Buick in production.

The 1949 Buick Sales brochure stated the following "...four chromium-plate-ringed Venti-Ports on forward fenders (three happening all Super models) striking a smart air line while serving to ventilate the engine compartment." Melodic phrase entered from the grill into the engine bay, was pressurized by the radiator devotee and exited (partially) through the VentiPorts. Yet, sometime during the 1949 model twelvemonth this attribute was discontinued and the VentiPorts became non-useable.

When introduced in 1949, there were solitary 2 model lines; the higher-priced Roadmaster had 4 ports per side, the lower series Super had 3. This was echoed over the incoming few years. By '54, Buick had added the Special and Century model lines, and although the 100 and Super both exploited the same railway locomotive as the top-line Roadmaster, only the Roadmaster wore 4 VentiPorts. And the '53-54 Frolic had no.

Buick was not entirely consistent with how they practical the styling have, so theories that their count was tied to locomotive or personify shield size is non factually consistent. It is more correct that Buick tied the Ventiport count to the pattern line, and that was dependent on the year in question. For representative, in '55 the Century and Super were both 'promoted' to 4 VentiPorts per side, despite the fact that the Century was sharing the smaller body shell with the '3-holer' Special.

Buick temporarily born the VentiPorts for role model years 1958 and 1959. 1958 is infamous for beingness relatively all over-frilled; perhaps stylists definite there wasn't 'room' for Ventiports that year. But by simulation-year 1960, they were back.

In 1961, Buick introduced the first V6 locomotive engine installed in an American passenger car, called the Fireball V6 in the Buick Special, and three VentiPorts appeared along the side. This still was not tied to cylinder count, however, as the V8 LeSabres continued to bear 3 Ports per sidelong. Besides during this era, Buick used what the '67 Buick GS brochure called "vertical VentiPorts" to describe trim inside information seen on the lower half of fore fenders on the Skylarks and Beast lines. The specialty Riviera model had neither, akin to the '53-54 Skylark. VentiPorts were used on most models complete the next 2 decades.

VentiPorts appeared connected the limited production 1987 Buick GNX, and once again they were functional. Then the feature was dropped again, until 2003 when VentiPorts were re-introduced on the Buick Park Boulevard Ultra. Later on the Park Boulevard was interrupted, Buick incorporated VentiPorts on the new-for-2006 Medicago sativa. For the first time, IT seemed Buick was ligature VentiPort count to the count of cylinders; the V6 Lucernes had three on each side, patc V8s had four on each side.

Modern and edgy compared to the prolate ones that adorned Buicks for years, the new VentiPorts have turn a Buick-wide talisman again. The newly designed VentiPorts appear on all Buick model from 2014 onward.

Erst, a letter from Buick surfaced that was a response to an inquiry regarding the appoint of the ports. The official name, reported to the alphabetic character, was "Cruiserline VentiPorts".^[50]

Sweepspear [edit]

Another styling pool stick from the 1940s through the 1970s was the Sweepspear, a incurved trim line running almost the length of the car. Introduced as an pick along the 1949 Buick Roadmaster Riviera hardtop coupe, the freehanded Sweepspear was a chrome-plated steel rub strip which began level concluded the front wheel, gently curved downbound across the front fender and door, dove most to the rocker dialog box fair-and-square in advance of the rise wheel around, and so flaring up and over the prat wheel earlier leveling off again into a straight run back to the give chase light.

The "Riviera well-kept", as it was at first called, was made available on the Roadmaster convertible very late in the '49 model year.^{[ citation needed ]} It proved and so popular that by the 1951 model year it was made a standard feature on all Buicks.^{[ citation needed ]} On 1950s models with two-tone paint, the Sweepspear separated the two colours.

Originally stainless steel, the Sweepspear eventually became a vinyl rub fora^{[ citation needed ]} operating room acerate persona line in the sheetmetal, arsenic hinted in some versions of the Buick Riviera, distinct on the 1968-1969 Skylark, and appearing on the 2008 Invicta conception elevator car. Often optional trim was available to reinforce a plain character line in the bodywork.^{[ mention needed ]}

Delta fin [edit]

Delta Fins on a 1959 Buick Electra 225 Riviera

The 1958 Buick was marketed beginning in September 1957, just as the space age began with the launching of Sputnik I along October 4 of that year. This Buick was nicknamed^{[ by whom? ]} "the king of chrome"^{[ citation requisite ]} and had rear tailfins remindful of a rocket embark. In 1959, Buick had the aerodynamic^{[ mention needed ]} Delta Fin,^{[ citation requisite ]} which was trimmed down in 1960 and remote for 1961.

Taillight shapes [edit]

During the 1950s, the symptomatic form of the Buick taillamps was a tier of small, throwaway bullet-shapes.^{[ citation needed ]} In the early 1960s, well-nig models began to develop a wide, angular pattern, until the 1965 Lark abou and Electra models appeared with full-width rear lamps.

Classic wicket styling [edit]

Buick "dollar grin" and "Trishield" in a Buick LeSabre

The Buick styling remind (dating from the 1942–1958 period) that has most often reappeared, though, is for the grillwork to be a level oval with numerous, thin, plumb chromed ribs bulging forward. This has sometimes been known as the Buick "buck grin" particularly on the incipient 1950s models, which had thready, extremely polished ribs that somewhat resembled teeth. The 1950 model took this tooth theme to its uttermost as the teeth crossed over the bumper exposing the 1950 "grin". The 1951 model reined in the theme, bringing the teeth back tail end the bumper. Prevailing Buick Models take up a new take on the classic styling with their Chromed "Waterfall Grilles".

Waterfall grille [edit]

Revised Buick falls grille on 2nd generation LaCrosse

In recent old age, Buick has adoptive a waterfall grille, as seen on the Buick Velite concept car from 2004 and first used in production with the Buick Lucerne introduced for the 2006 model year. This falls grille bears some resemblance to grilles of Buicks from the 1980s, such arsenic the Grand Status.

Nailhead [redact]

The Buick V8 engine, nicknamed the Nailhead because of its comparatively small intake and run through valves which resembled nails,^{[ quote needed ]} became popular with hot-rodders in the 1950s and 1960s because the vertical affixation of the valve covers, in contrast to the angled adherence of other V8 engines, enabled the engine to fit into smaller spaces while maintaining easy access for maintenance.^{[ citation needed ]}

Performance [edit]

In addition to premium and luxury vehicles, Buick has also been well best-known for its offerings of superior cars. Some of the known examples included the Gran Sport and Romp GSX models of the 1960s and 1970s, and the Distinguished National and GNX models of the 1980s.

World dispersion [edit]

Asia [edit]

Buick G2.5 V6 made by Shanghai GM, China, 2002

V6 engine of Buick 2.5G of Impress GM, China, 2002

Buick is one of Taiwan's most best-selling, best selling automobiles.^[5] In 2022, Cosmopolitan Motors sold over 1.1 million Buicks in Chinaware.^[51] Buicks have always been hot in China. In pre-World War II China, one in five cars was a Buick.^[52] Buicks were used by the last emperor Puyi, the number 1 president Sunday Yat-sen, and the number one prime Zhou Enlai.^[5]

Since 1999, a Buick Regal for China has been produced and sold-out away Shanghai Gram and has proven to be popular among upscale, business families, establishing Buick as one of the most popular fomite brands in Republic of China. In addition, Buick of China sells a compact Excelle, similar to a five-door hatchback door version called the HRV, and a minivan onymous the GL8. Umpteen Buicks for the local market are equipped with smaller Thomas More fuel-efficient engines with double overhead camshafts, than those with command processing overhead time valves in the same nameplate for the Terra firma market.^[53]

GM Taiwan was founded in August 1989. In the early 1990s, Buick, on with early G brands, was very popular and frequently seen on Amoy streets. Park Avenue, 3rd and 4th generation Regal, and 6th generation Skylark wont to Be oversubscribed in Taiwan. In December 2004, Oecumenical Motors signed a memorandum of understanding with Yulon, a firm based in Taiwan, for the licensed fabricate of Buick vehicles on that point. In July 2005, Yulon GM Motor Co. Ltd. (Yulon GM), a joint jeopardize with 51 percent fairness back held by Yulon Motor and 49 percent by GM, was founded.

In April 2010, Buick debuted a localised version of LaCrosse, named Alpheon, in the south Korean securities industry.

United Mexican States [edit]

Buicks were sold in Mexico from 1921 to 1962, when a protectionist policy along behalf of the government restricted the percentage of imported parts that could be used in the manufacture of vehicles and the sales event of imported cars. From then onwards, all GM products were oversubscribed by Chevrolet dealerships. In 1990, after a heavy qualifying to the protectionist policy of the sixties, GM started assembling the Buick Century in Mexico, at the plant in Ramos Arizpe, in the state of Coahuila, just south of Texas, and selling it finished Mexican Chevrolet dealerships, sol it was not uncommon for some people to call information technology "Chevrolet Century". In 1997, Gram stopped up selling Buicks in Mexico and the brand was not oversubscribed there until 2009.

With the announcement in 2009 of the elimination of the Pontiac post, it was speculated that Buicks would be oversubscribed again in Mexico since there was a large network of Pontiac-GMC dealerships already in place. Along July 24, 2009, Grace Lieblein, the new chair of GM in Mexico, revealed that the Buick make would be available in Mexico in ripe September of that year, afterwards an absence of a dozen years, with the LaCrosse and the Enclave models. Buick shared the dealership stun with Pontiac and GMC until the Pontiac mar washy absent in the summer of 2010.

On March 26, 2022, Buick announced that the Mexican sectionalisation will fling only crossovers (Encore, Envision, and Enclave). The La Crosse sedan, Purple hatchback and Majestic TourX station wagon were dropped from the market as those brands are expected to exit away due to Opel's ulterior (under new owner Prostate specific antigen) regarding the Insignia that is tied to the North American-badged Royal and Buick's decision to make the La Crosse concentrated to Communist China.^[54]

Near East [edit]

In Zion, Buicks are imported past Universal Motors, Ltd. (UMI), which also imports other GM vehicles. For model years 2004 and 2005, the Buick LeSabre and Buick Rendezvous were sold. For model years 2006 and 2007, the Buick LaCrosse and Buick Lucerne were oversubscribed alongside the Rendezvous. For model year 2008, the Buick LaCrosse and Buick Lucerne were available. Buicks were sold throughout the Middle East until the irregular-generation Buick Roadmaster was discontinued. Buick were also sold in the Gulf Cooperation Council markets until 1996 after the 8th gen Buick Roadmaster got discontinued.

New Zealand [edit]

Buicks were once sold in Refreshing Zealand. They were also built at the GMNZ plant in Petone, outside Wellington.^[55] The Buick appoint was revived eggbeater for the New Zealand Islands commercialize.

Motorsport [edit]

For many years, Buick was a substitute for Chevrolet in machine racing. No earlier than the 1960s, Buick was a competitor in the Indianapolis 500, and (same well-nig all other Terra firma manufacturer) also participated in the Grand National stock car racing series using its Regal and later o the Gran Sport.

The Golden Age of Buick in motorsport, however, was the early to late 1980s. General Motors entered the Regal, particularly the Grand National model, in the NASCAR Cup Serial publication aboard the Oldsmobile Cutlass. Buick was also a major powerplant in the IndyCar Series and IMSA GT Serial publication (particularly in the IMSA GTP class) for various years. The 1990s, however, proved to be the end of Buick's reign in motorsports, as GM replaced it for many years with Oldsmobile ahead phasing unfashionable that trade name in 2004. Oldsmobile would embody replaced by Pontiac until its dying in 2009, being replaced by Chevrolet.

Buicks were besides entered in the Trans Am Series in the 1980s and 1990s exploitation aftermarket V8 engines.

Partisan organizations [edit]

The Buick Club of America, founded in 1966, is a non-lucre organization dedicated to the preservation and restoration of automobiles built by the Buick Motor Division of General Motors Tummy.

Advertisements [edit]

• 

  A 1911 Buick Advertisement - Syracuse Post-Classic, January 21, 1911

• 

  1913 advertisement

• 

  The Saturday Evening Charles William Post, Nov 1920

• 

  1912 Buick logo

• 

  Book binding of 1925 content brochure from Swedish reseller

• 

  Advertisement for 1916 Buick by dealer Catherine Howard Automobile Co., San Francisco.

See also [edit]

• List of machine manufacturers of the U.S. government

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External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buick.

• Official website
• Buick at Curlie
• Occupation analysis of Buick's position in People's Republic of China and within GM in 2022 – video by CNBC
• Old Buick images and existent data

Heater/ac Fan Change on a 1995 Buick Roadmaster

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick